Konstruksi Filosofis dan Konseptual Sistem Keuangan Syariah: Menuju Tata Kelola Nilai dan Keberlanjutan di Indonesia

Philosophical and Conceptual Construction of the Islamic Financial System: Towards Value-Based Governance and Sustainability in Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the philosophical construction and fundamental concepts of the Islamic financial system within the framework of strengthening value-based and sustainability-oriented governance in Indonesia. The focus of the study includes the values of tawḥīd (monotheism), amānah (trustworthiness), justice, and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah (objectives of Islamic law) as the core foundations, along with their translation into the operational principles of financial institutions. Conceptually, the Islamic financial system is built upon the prohibition of riba (usury), gharar (excessive uncertainty), and maysir (gambling), combined with asset-backed financing and risk-sharing principles that fundamentally distinguish it from the conventional financial system. This research employs a qualitative-descriptive approach through library research, analyzing data from academic literature, fatwas, and relevant regulations using content and thematic analysis. The findings indicate that Islamic finance is rooted in a tawḥīdic worldview that regards wealth as a trust, transactions as acts of worship, and social-economic justice as its ultimate goal. However, the practice of Islamic financial institutions in Indonesia remains dominated by debt-based financing, which risks diverging from the ideals of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. To bridge the gap between ideality and reality, value-based governance emphasizing substance compliance is required, alongside the implementation of Value-Based Intermediation (VBI) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks to strengthen social and environmental impact. The integration of social and commercial finance—through innovations such as waqf-linked sukuk and blended finance—is expected to enhance inclusion and sustainability. Islamic finance will only achieve substantial relevance when the values of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah are genuinely implemented in institutional practices and public policy design.